低温矿井水作为矿山开采的伴生资源，其温度通常介于10-25℃之间，直接排放不仅造成热能浪费，还可能引发环境热污染。通过热能梯级利用技术，可将矿井水中的低品位热能转化为高价值能源，形成“水处理-热回收-能源供给”的闭环系统。

　　Low temperature mine water, as an associated resource in mining, usually has a temperature between 10-25 ℃. Direct discharge not only causes waste of heat energy, but also may lead to environmental thermal pollution. Through the technology of thermal cascade utilization, low-grade thermal energy in mine water can be converted into high-value energy, forming a closed-loop system of "water treatment heat recovery energy supply".

　　低温热源特性与提取技术

　　Characteristics and Extraction Technology of Low Temperature Heat Source

　　低温矿井水热能属于低品位热源，需采用热泵技术进行能级提升。水源热泵机组通过逆卡诺循环，消耗少量电能将矿井水中的热量转移至高温热源。某煤矿实测数据显示，当矿井水温度为18℃时，热泵制热系数（COP）可达4.2，即每消耗1kW·h电能可输出4.2kW·h热能。对于含砂量较高的矿井水，需在热泵前端加装旋流除砂器与自动反冲洗过滤器，确保换热器表面传热系数维持在合理区间。

　　Low temperature mine water thermal energy belongs to low-grade heat sources and requires the use of heat pump technology for energy level enhancement. The water source heat pump unit uses a reverse Carnot cycle to transfer heat from mine water to a high-temperature heat source by consuming a small amount of electrical energy. According to actual measurement data from a coal mine, when the temperature of the mine water is 18 ℃, the coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump can reach 4.2, which means that for every 1kW · h of electricity consumed, 4.2kW · h of thermal energy can be output. For mine water with high sand content, it is necessary to install a cyclone desander and an automatic backwash filter at the front end of the heat pump to ensure that the surface heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger is maintained within a reasonable range.

　　热能梯级利用体系构建

　　Construction of Thermal Energy Cascade Utilization System

　　初级利用：建筑供暖与生活热水

　　Primary Utilization: Building Heating and Domestic Hot Water

　　矿井水经热泵提温后，可直接用于矿区办公楼、宿舍供暖及浴室热水供应。某矿区应用案例表明，采用热泵系统替代传统锅炉后，年节约标准煤，减排二氧化碳。当供暖回水温度低于40℃时，可再次进入热泵进行二次提温，形成热能循环利用链。

　　After being heated by a heat pump, mine water can be directly used for heating office buildings and dormitories in mining areas, as well as supplying hot water to bathrooms. A case study in a certain mining area shows that replacing traditional boilers with heat pump systems can save standard coal and reduce carbon dioxide emissions annually. When the temperature of the heating return water is below 40 ℃, it can enter the heat pump again for secondary heating, forming a thermal energy recycling chain.

　　中级利用：工艺系统预热

　　Intermediate utilization: preheating of process system

　　将热泵输出的50-60℃热水引入选煤厂、瓦斯抽采系统等工艺环节，替代蒸汽或电加热进行物料预热。某选煤厂实践数据显示，利用矿井水热能预热入洗原煤，可使浮选药剂消耗量降低，精煤产率提升。

　　Introduce the 50-60 ℃ hot water output by the heat pump into the coal preparation plant, gas extraction system and other process links, replacing steam or electric heating for material preheating. Practical data from a certain coal preparation plant shows that using mine water thermal energy to preheat the washed raw coal can reduce the consumption of flotation reagents and increase the yield of clean coal.

　　高级利用：发电与制冷联产

　　Advanced Utilization: Cogeneration of Power Generation and Refrigeration

　　在热能富余区域，可构建吸收式热泵机组，利用高温热能驱动溴化锂溶液制冷，同步实现供暖与制冷需求。某矿区“热-电-冷”三联供系统年综合能效比达1.6，较单功能系统节能。

　　In areas with excess thermal energy, absorption heat pump units can be constructed to use high-temperature thermal energy to drive the cooling of lithium bromide solution, simultaneously achieving heating and cooling needs. The annual comprehensive energy efficiency ratio of the "heating electricity cooling" triple supply system in a certain mining area reaches 1.6, which is more energy-efficient than a single function system.

　　系统优化与节能增效

　　System optimization and energy-saving efficiency improvement

　　智能调控策略

　　Intelligent control strategy

　　部署物联网传感器实时监测矿井水流量、温度及热负荷需求，通过AI算法动态调整热泵运行参数。某智慧矿山项目通过该技术，使热泵系统平均COP提升，年节电量达万千瓦时。

　　Deploy IoT sensors to monitor real-time mine water flow, temperature, and heat load requirements, and dynamically adjust heat pump operating parameters through AI algorithms. A certain smart mining project has improved the average COP of the heat pump system through this technology, saving up to 10000 kilowatt hours of electricity annually.

　　相变材料储能

　　Phase change material energy storage

　　在矿井水处理池中布置相变材料（PCM）模块，利用夜间低谷电价时段储存热能，白天高峰时段释放。实验数据显示，PCM储能系统使热泵日运行时间缩短，峰谷电价差收益提升。

　　Install phase change material (PCM) modules in the mine water treatment tank to store thermal energy during low electricity prices at night and release it during peak hours during the day. Experimental data shows that PCM energy storage system shortens the daily operating time of heat pumps and increases the profit of peak valley electricity price difference.

　　多源协同供热

　　Multi source collaborative heating

　　将矿井水热能、太阳能集热及余热回收系统耦合，构建多能互补供热网络。某北方矿区案例表明，多源协同系统使可再生能源供热占比提升至，系统抗风险能力显著增强。

　　Coupling mine water thermal energy, solar energy collection, and waste heat recovery systems to construct a multi energy complementary heating network. A case study in a northern mining area shows that the multi-source collaborative system has increased the proportion of renewable energy heating and significantly enhanced the system's ability to resist risks.

　　环境效益与经济性评估

　　Environmental benefits and economic evalsuation

　　以年处理100万立方米低温矿井水的矿山为例，实施热能梯级利用后：

　　Taking a mine that processes 1 million cubic meters of low-temperature mine water annually as an example, after implementing thermal energy cascade utilization:

　　年减排二氧化碳，相当于植树造林；

　　Reducing carbon dioxide emissions annually is equivalent to afforestation;

　　替代传统能源后，年运营成本降低；

　　After replacing traditional energy sources, the annual operating costs are reduced;

　　设备投资回收期通常为，经济效益显著。

　　The payback period for equipment investment is usually, with significant economic benefits.

　　低温矿井水处理设备的热能梯级利用，通过热泵提能、多级用能及智能调控，实现低品位热源的高效转化。该技术不仅符合“双碳”目标下矿山绿色转型需求，更通过能源替代创造直接经济效益。随着材料科学与数字技术的融合，未来矿井水热能利用将向“零排放、全利用、智能化”方向发展，为矿业可持续发展提供新范式。

　　The thermal energy cascade utilization of low-temperature mine water treatment equipment achieves efficient conversion of low-grade heat sources through heat pump energy enhancement, multi-stage energy consumption, and intelligent regulation. This technology not only meets the green transformation needs of mines under the "dual carbon" goal, but also creates direct economic benefits through energy substitution. With the integration of materials science and digital technology, the future utilization of mine water and heat energy will develop towards the direction of "zero emissions, full utilization, and intelligence", providing a new paradigm for sustainable development of the mining industry.

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